Battle of Makin in World War II

The Battle of Makin was fought November 20-24, 1943, during World War II (1939-1945). With the end of the fighting on Guadalcanal, Allied forces began planning for a march across the Pacific. Selecting the Gilbert Islands as the first target, planning moved forward for landings on several islands including Tarawa and Makin Atoll. Moving forward in November 1943, American troops landed on the island and succeeded in overwhelming the Japanese garrison. Though the landing force sustained relatively light casualties, the cost of taking Makin increased when the escort carrier USS Liscome Bay was torpedoed and lost with 644 of its crew. Background On December 10, 1941, three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces occupied Makin Atoll in the Gilbert Islands. Meeting no resistance, they secured the atoll and commenced construction of a seaplane base on the main island of Butaritari. Due to its location, Makin was well positioned for such an installation as it would extend Japanese reconnaissance abilities closer to American-held islands. Construction progressed over the next nine months and Makins small garrison remained largely ignored by Allied forces. This changed on August 17, 1942, when the Butaritari came under attack from Colonel Evans Carlsons 2nd Marine Raider Battalion (Map). Landing from two submarines, Carlsons 211-man force killed 83 of Makins garrison and destroyed the islands installations before withdrawing. In the wake of the attack, the Japanese leadership made moves to reinforce the Gilbert Islands. This saw the arrival on Makin of a company from the 5th Special Base Force and the construction of more formidable defenses. Overseen by Lieutenant (j.g.) Seizo Ishikawa, the garrison numbered around 800 men of which about half were combat personnel. Working through the next two months, the seaplane base was completed as were anti-tank ditches towards the eastern and western ends of Butaritari. Within the perimeter defined by the ditches, numerous strong points were established and coastal defense guns mounted (Map). Allied Planning Having won the Battle of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands, the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz desired to make a thrust into the central Pacific. Lacking the resources to strike directly at the Marshall Islands in the heart of the Japanese defenses, he instead began making plans for attacks in the Gilberts. These would be the opening steps of an island hopping strategy to advance towards Japan. Another advantage of campaigning in the Gilberts was the islands were within range of U.S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberators based in the Ellice Islands. On July 20, plans for invasions of Tarawa, Abemama, and Nauru were approved under the code name Operation Galvanic (Map). As planning for the campaign moved forward, Major General Ralph C. Smiths 27th Infantry Division received orders to prepare for the invasion of Nauru. In September, these orders were changed as Nimitz grew concerned about being able to provide the needed naval and air support at Nauru. As such, the 27ths objective was changed to Makin. To take the atoll, Smith planned two sets of landings on Butaritari. The first waves would land at Red Beach on the islands western end with the hope of drawing the garrison in that direction. This effort would be followed a short time later by landings at Yellow Beach to the east. It was Smiths plan that the Yellow Beach forces could destroy the Japanese by attacking their rear (Map). Battle of Makin Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: November 20-23, 1943Forces Commanders:AlliesMajor General Ralph C. SmithRear Admiral Richmond K. Turner6,470 menJapaneseLieutenant (j.g.) Seizo Ishikawa400 soldiers, 400 Korean laborersCasualties:Japanese: approx. 395 killedAllies: 66 killed, 185 wounded/injured Allied Forces Arrive Departing Pearl Harbor on November 10, Smiths division was carried on the attack transports USS Neville, USS Leonard Wood, USS Calvert, USS Pierce, and USS Alcyone. These sailed as part of Rear Admiral Richmond K. Turners Task Force 52 which included the escort carriers USS Coral Sea, USS Liscome Bay, and USS Corregidor. Three days later, USAAF B-24s commenced attacks on Makin flying from bases in the Ellice Islands. As Turners task force arrived in the area, the bombers were joined by FM-1 Wildcats, SBD Dauntlesses, and TBF Avengers flying from the carriers. At 8:30 AM on November 20, Smiths men commenced their landings on Red Beach with forces centered on the 165th Infantry Regiment. M3 Stuart light tanks on Makin, November, 1943. US Army Fighting for the Island Meeting little resistance, American troops quickly pressed inland. Though encountering a few snipers, these efforts failed to draw Ishikawas men from their defenses as planned. Approximately two hours later, the first troops approached Yellow Beach and soon came under fire from Japanese forces. While some came ashore without issue, other landing craft grounded offshore forcing their occupants to wade 250 yards to reach the beach. Led by the 165ths 2nd Battalion and supported by M3 Stuart light tanks from the 193rd Tank Battalion, the Yellow Beach forces began engaging the islands defenders. Unwilling to emerge from their defenses, the Japanese forced Smiths men to systematically reduce the islands strong points one by one over the next two days. USS Liscome Bay (CVE-56), September 1943. Public Domain Aftermath On the morning of November 23, Smith reported that Makin had been cleared and secured. In the fighting, his ground forces sustained 66 killed and 185 wounded/injured while inflicting around 395 killed on the Japanese. A relatively smooth operation, the invasion of Makin proved far less costly than the battle on Tarawa which occurred over the same time span. The victory at Makin lost a bit of its luster on November 24 when Liscome Bay was torpedoed by I-175. Striking a supply of bombs, the torpedo caused the ship to explode and killed 644 sailors. These deaths, plus casualties from a turret fire on USS Mississippi (BB-41), caused U.S. Navy losses to total 697 killed and 291 wounded.

Globalization Evolution - 703 Words

GLOBALIZATION EVOLUTION OF GLOBALIZATION The term globalization denotes â€Å"globe† as a single market. Product presence in different Markets of the world. Production base across the globe. Human resources from all over the world. International investment Transaction involving IPRs. The advent in ICI(information, communication and technology) Rapid economic liberalization of trade and investment The mobility of people and transactional moves The reach of satellite channels, internet etc. CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION IMF defines globalization as â€Å" The growing economical interdependence of countries worldwide through increase in volume and variety of cross border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows†¦show more content†¦To increase the profit The failure of domestic companies Adverse business environment Globalization of production: Reasons Cheap raw materials, cheap labour and high quality Imposition of restriction on imports Reduce the cost of transportation Globalization of technology: Revolution in telecommunication, information technology and transportation technology ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBALIZATION ADVANTAGES Free flow of capital, tecnology etc Increase in industrialization Spread of production facilities Balance development of world economics Increase in production and consumption Commodities with lower price and high quality Cultural exchange Demand for variety of products Increase in job and income High living standards Balance human development Economic liberalization DISADVANTAGES It kills domestic business Exploit human resources Leads to unemployment and under employment Decline in income Transfer of natural resources National sovereignty at country stake. Leads commercial and political colonization The divide between the rich and the poor The developing and under-developing countries Unemployment and mass layoff Adverse balance of payment Volatile of markets Loss of cultural identity Shift of power to multinationals Effects of globalizationShow MoreRelatedAdam Smith and Globalization: China’s Economic Evolution Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is not a new concept – trade, migration, market integration and capital flows have been practiced in various forms dating back centuries. China is at the epicenter of our globalized world and their success is attributed to the tenets of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations. However, opponents of the globalization believe if Smith were alive today, he would be repulsed by our modern day international business strategies. 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Madonna of the Goldfinch An Analysis of the Painting Essay Example For Students

Madonna of the Goldfinch: An Analysis of the Painting Essay All of the figures in the scene stand on grassy green hillocks, set against a rich background Of gold. The painting is composed in such a way that the viewers eye is drawn consistently to the scroll being presented to the three shepherds. The sheer size of the angel presenting the scroll, almost twice that of the other human figures in the painting, serves not only to emphasis his importance, but also to draw the viewers eye towards the main exchange occurring near the top of the page. The angels left wing and right hand place further emphasis on the importance of the scroll, as do the right hands of each hyper, all of which are pointing towards the scroll, The sloping nature of the green hillock, which runs roughly parallel to the direction of the scroll, once again draws the viewers eye upwards. A frame of green encloses a frame of gold, which in turn encloses a border tot blue dots all around the image, emphasizing its importance, The significant amount of negative space around the image not only provides a nice sense of balance, but also speaks to the wealth of the patron funding this work, as they obviously could afford to leave large areas of expensive material unpainted. A small amount of Latin text appears above he image, presumably denoting the subject of the painting, along faith a page number in the top right hand corner. The painting makes use of particularly rich colors; the opulent blues in particular, on the robes of the angel and the oldest shepherd and the dotted border, along with the very rich golden background, provide the painting With a sense Of importance and grandeur, once again suggesting that the patron is very wealthy. The use of red in the angels halo and the shepherds clothes provides a nice sense Of contrast With the use Of blue. The unusual use of black and blue on the goats makes them particularly interesting. The piece is obviously part of a manuscript, as suggested by the writing and page number, and is therefore presumably painted on vellum. The colluded inks would have been created through a variety of techniques and using a variety of materials, for example cochineal, verdigris and lapis lazuli. The piece is rendered in an early Gothic style, evidenced particularly in the size of the figures (the angel, considered to be the most important is almost twice the size of the others) and in the very strange pointed folds in the bottom of clothing, which is particularly indicative of this style.

Of Mice And Man By Steinbeck Essays - American Literature

Of Mice And Man By Steinbeck At a glimpse, Lennie appears as a huge brute, capable of great destruction. He is huge and capable of great destruction, but he is in no way a brute. He might be a bit mentally disabled, or he might just be very unintelligent. Whatever the reason, Lennie has the mind of a child. His impulses take control of him, like they would a child, and his enormous strength causes Lennie to hurt animals and People. George- George is Lennie's hero, his protector and his friend. He is hardened by the arduous task of keeping Lennie out of trouble while at the same time making a living. George can be cruel to Lennie, and is most times, but he has a decent heart and wants what is best for Lennie. Slim- Slim works with George and Lennie. He has a strong, noble, and wise appearance. Slim's word was law around the ranch. Always levelheaded, Slim always seemed to know the best way to deal with a situation. John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, in 1902. He studied to become a marine biologist, but never got his degree. He started writing and finished his first book in 1935. He won several awards including the Nobel Prize for Literature. He died in 1968 leaving behind an unattainable legacy. The book begins with Lennie and George on their way to a new job on a ranch in California. They new the work would be temporary, but they needed money badly. George informed Lennie to keep his mouth shut and his hands to himself once they arrived. The boss's son, Curly, immediately disliked Lennie because he was such a huge man. Lennie was a boxer and loved to pick fights with bigger guys to prove his manhood. Curly's wife was a loose woman. She was often flirty with the ranch hands, and this made Curly paranoid. One day, Curly got upset with Lennie for smirking at him, so he picked a fight. Lennie didn't want to fight Curly, and he especially did not want to hurt him. However, Lennie ended up breaking several bones in Curly's hand. Lennie and George devised a plan, a dream. They wanted to raise enough money to buy their own little piece of land that they could farm and raise rabbits on (Lennie loved rabbits). George began to think that it was a feasible idea. Lennie was giddy with excitement at the idea of his own rabbits to raise. However, their plans were cut short. One fateful day, Lennie was sitting in the barn mourning over a puppy he had accidentally killed. Curly's wife sauntered in and began to talk to Lennie. Lennie was captivated, for she was very beautiful. He became so excited that he scared her. She began to scream. In order to keep her quiet, Lennie began to cover her mouth and shake her. He shook her so hard that he killed her. When George heard the news, he knew what had to be done. He found Lennie in some woods before anyone else and shot him in the back of the head. The story is set during the Great Depression. The geographical setting is just outside of Soledad, California. The story line takes place over a period of a couple of days. John Steinbeck's use of irony makes the story extremely interesting. One example of this is the story's main character, Lennie. He is an ironic character because he possesses twice the strength and size of a normal man but only half of a normal man's intellect. Also, George was Lennie's guide and protector for long while. The irony of this situation is that George ended up killing Lennie after years of protecting him.